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1、初中宾语定语状语从句初中阶段着重要研究的从句有:宾语从句、状语从句、no matter从句和定语从句。1. 从句的共同特点从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句。从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。从句的共同特点:1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前,谓语在后,如:He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前,因此是陈述语序,而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后,因此不是陈述语序。)2.:宾语从句宾语从句是中考的一个重要得分
2、点,大家复习时一定要重视。在研究宾语从句之前我们先来看一下什么是宾语。宾语表示动作行为的对象,如I lost my car 中my car就回答了我丢失了什么中的“什么”,因此my car就是宾语,宾语包括动宾、介宾,动宾就是跟在及物动词后的宾语,如:I have finished my homework (my homework 是跟在finish后的动宾);介宾就是跟在介词后作宾语,如:Im interested in English (English 是跟在in 后的介宾语)。宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a tea
3、cher when he grew up.宾语从句的特点:1.宾语从句有自己的连接词2.宾语从句用陈述语序 3.宾语从句的时态宾语从句与其他名词性从句一样,也有三种类型: 1由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义,连词that常可被省略。例如:I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Cant you see (that) Im a bird?注意:否定转移当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等时,并且主
4、句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,如:I dont think he will come.我认为他不会来。主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that
5、man is killed by Jim,is he我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前移。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they aske
6、d my advice. 2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否(有,能,已经)”等一般疑问句的含义。例如:I wonder whether (if) he lives here.The teacher asked whether (if) they were getting ready for the English Evening.如果要强调“究竟还是不”,常用连词whether引导宾语从句,后面再加or not或直接在whether后加or not。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如:Id be interested to know whether he will see t
7、he film“House of Flying Daggers”or not.=Id be interested to know whether or no the will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”. 3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁,谁的,什么,哪(个,些),何时,何地,怎样,为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外,宾语从句用陈述句语序。例如:To masked who could give the message t
8、o her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was. 形容词+宾从句有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句,例如;1. I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I w
9、ill pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him三.宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”。A.主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种
10、时态中任选一种,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)2.He asks me if I saw his brother yesterday(一般过去时)3.She wants to know what has happened(现在完成时)4.I say that the world is changing all the time(现在进行时)5.He wonders what I was doing at five yesterday afternoon.(过去进行时)6.My father tells me that he w
11、ill fly to Qingdao for a holiday(现在将来时)7.My sister says he had learn one thousand English words by the end of last term(过去完成时)8.My friends hopes me that I can help him(含情态动词的一般现在时)B.主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:1.一般过去时,2.过去进行时,3.过去将来时,4.过去完成时1.He told me that he liked pl
12、aying football(一般过去时)2.She asked me whether I was watching TV at this time last day(过去进行时)3.I wanted to say that our team would beat them(过去将来时)4.He wondered if I had finished my homework (过去完成时)5.I said I could help him (含情态动词的一般过去时)C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时,如:1.He says the moon goes around the earth2
13、.He told me that one and one makes two.3. 状语从句状语从句是历年中考的一个必考项目,一定要特殊注意。英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,根据状语的功能状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。一时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。时间状语的连接词:when(当时候) while(当时候) as(当时候) after(在以后) before(在以前) as soon as(一就) s
14、ince(自从到现在) till /until(直到才) by the time(到为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。举例:1.when当的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特的时候,开始写音乐作品。I will become a teacher when I grow up当我长大了,我要当老师2.while当时He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。3.as在的同
15、时;一边一边He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。4.after在之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。5.before 在之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。6.as soon as 一就(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)We began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那就开始工作。I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。7.since 自以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时