学位英语-主要语法1.doc
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1、一:祈使句:用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。1) 以动词原形开头肯定结构: Take this seat. Be careful. 否定结构: Dont move. Dont be late.2) 以let开头(后面常带反意疑问句)a. Lets 包括对方(听话者)在内 Lets have another try,shall we? = Shall we have another try?b. Let us 不包括对方(听话者)在内 Let us have another try,will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have anoth
2、er try? 否定结构:Lets not talk of that matter. Let us not talk of that matter.二:感叹句感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序What +名词+ 陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序How clever a boy he is!How lovely the b
3、aby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感叹句的省略形式为:What a clever boy (he is)!三:强调句常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。 It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。 It is from the sun that we get light and heat.强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当
4、强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 who,其余用that。原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the ex
5、periment in the lab. (注意不用when)强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 典型例句It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. thatB. when C. since D. as 答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat,只剩下ten years Miss Green retu
6、rned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。 而是: It is /was +时间+ since强调谓语时用助动词do (did,does)后面接动词原形。She does like this horse.她的确喜欢这匹马。Please do take care of yourself. 请千万保重。四:倒装句全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 Here comes the b
7、us. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a cow from the house.Ahead sat an old woman.注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went.部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。以下情况需要部分倒装:1)句首为否定
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