学位英语-主要语法2.doc
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1、八:名词性从句1. 由that 引导的名词性从句1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中可充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如: 主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recent
2、ly.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.我很高兴你对自己的工作感到满意。2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个
3、计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that 已决定 c. It +
4、 be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是 d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起2. 由if, whether引导的名词性从句1)yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,例如:主语:Whether
5、the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们正在调查他是否值得信赖
6、(的问题)。形容词宾语: Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2)选择性疑问从句 由关联词if/whetheror或whetheor not构成,例如: Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I dont care whether
7、 you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。3. 由特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句1)由wh-词引导。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:主语: How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语:In ones own home one
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