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1、2019年真题解析(三)Part Passage Four(1)It is widely acknowledged that fully autonomous vehicles,or cars and trucks that can drive themselves without a human at the controls,are coming soon. In fact,Levels 1 and 2 autonomous vehicles are already on our roads. Many companies are currently testing autonomous
2、vehicles (Avs),and AV programs have been launched across the country by various companies in the technology and transportation industries.(2)AVs have the potential for tremendous safety benefits,but it will be decades until all vehicles on the road will be autonomous,and perhaps they never will. Unt
3、il then,autonomous vehicles will need to share the road safely with human drivers. Further,the public remains doubtful about the safety of autonomous vehicles. Surveys have shown that fewer than 30% of people report that they would feel comfortable riding in a highly-automated vehicle,and less than
4、a quarter would buy one as soon as it became available.(3)This presents a challenge to states,which are responsible for public education,driver licensing,and establishing and enforcing traffic laws. The Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) believes that states should play a leading role in de
5、aling with the issues that will come from a mix of autonomous and human-driven vehicles on the roads.(4)GHSAs latest report on AV technology outlines issues that automated driving systems may present to states,and discusses how law enforcement and State Highway Safety Offices should prepare for them
6、. The report finds that most autonomous vehicles for the foreseeable future will share driving responsibility with humans,and are likely to do so for many decades. Moreover,there will continue to be crashes,injuries,and fatalities involving AVs,especially during this time in which they share the roa
7、d with vehicles driven by humans.26、According to Paragraph 1,autonomous vehicles .A. will replace human drivers soonB. will help humans in the driving processC. have attracted various companiesD. have changed the transportation industries网校答案:C 网校解析:细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知,科技和运输行业的许多公司已经在全国各地启动了自动驾驶汽车项目,说
8、明自动驾驶汽车对许多公司有吸引力。故答案为C。选项A(自动驾驶汽车很快会取代人类司机)与文章内容不符,第一段只说了全自动驾驶汽车或者无人驾驶汽车很快会出现,但没有说会取代 人类司机,故排除。选项B(自动驾驶汽车在驾驶过程中会帮助人类)和选项D(自动驾驶汽车已经改变了交通行业)第一段并未提及,故排除。27、What is the authors attitude towards fully autonomous vehicles?A. Positive.B. Objective.C. Indifferent.D. Negative.网校答案:B 网校解析:态度题。第一段开头就提到人们对全自动驾驶
9、车辆的普遍看法,即全自动驾驶的车辆,或者可以在没有人控制的情况下自行驾驶的汽车和卡车,很快就会出现。接着提到很多公司开始启动自动驾驶汽车项目这一情况。这都是作者对事实的客观描述,并没有发表自己主观的看法。而且后三段作者也是根据调査和报告客观地阐述自动驾驶车辆存在的问题,故答案为B。28、According to the author,the public .A. are quite certain about the potential benefits of AVsB. have doubts about the safety of autonomous vehiclesC. find th
10、e ride in autonomous vehicles very comfortableD. are eager to buy an AV once it becomes available网校答案:B网校解析:细节题。根据文章第二段第三句可知,公众仍然对自动驾驶汽车的安全性持怀疑态度,故答案为B。第二段最后一句提到,只有不到30%的人说他们乘坐高度自动化的汽车会感到舒服,只有不到四分之一的人表示会在自动驾驶汽车一上市就买一辆,故排除选项C(公众发现乘坐自动驾驶汽车很舒服)和选项D(迫切希望在自动驾驶汽车上市后买一辆)。选项A (公众十分确定自动驾驶汽车的潜在益处)文中未提及,故排除。29
11、、What does the “challenge”(Para. 3) refer to?A. The safety of autonomous vehicles.B. Public education about autonomous driving.C. Road conditions appropriate for autonomous driving.D. The mix of autonomous and human-driven vehicles on the roads.网校答案:D 网校解析:推理题。根据文章第三段可知,这给负责公共教育、驾驶执照以及制定和执行交通法的各州带来了
12、挑战。美国州长髙速公路安全协会(GHSA)认为,各州应该在处理道路上混合 使用自动驾驶车辆和人工驾驶车辆的问题上发挥主要作用。由此可知,这种挑战就是应对道路上混合使用自动驾驶车辆和人为驾驶车辆所产生的问题。故答案为D。30、Which of the following is examined in GHSAs latest report?A. Issues brought by automated driving.B. How to train the public in automated driving.C. Humans role in automated driving.D. Road
13、 accidents caused by automated driving.网校答案:A 网校解析:细节题。根据文章最后一段可知,GHSA关于自动驾驶技术的最新报告概述了自动驾驶系统可能给各州带来的问题。故答案为A。选项B(在自动驾驶中怎样培训公众)和选项C(人类在自动驾驶中的角色)文中均未提及,故排除。选项D(由自动驾驶导致的交通事故)虽有提及,但并不全面,还涉及其他问题, 故排除。Part Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For e
14、ach sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single bar through the center of the letter.31、Peter stood by me when I most needed it. Ill always that.A. likeB. admireC. supportD. appreciate网校答案:D 网
15、校解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。句意:皮特在我最需要的时候支持我。我会一直心怀感激。appreciate意为“感激”,故答案为D。like意为“喜欢”;admire意为“钦佩,赞赏”;support意为“支持”。32、People dont like to ask questions for fear of appearing .A. poorB. weakC. humbleD. ignorant网校答案:D 网校解析:本题考查形容词词义辨析。句意:人们不喜欢问问题,怕显得无知。ignorant意为 “无知的,愚蠢的”,故答案为D。poor意为“贫穷的、可怜的”;weak意为“虚弱的”;humble意为“谦逊的”。33、Susans idea of freedom was to have in her life style.A. changeB. mixtureC. varietyD. diversity网校答案:C网校解析:本题考查名词词义辨析。句意:苏珊对自由的看法就是拥有多样化的生活方式。 change意为“改变”;mixture意为“混合,混合物”。variety意为“多变性,多样性”,强调同一事物的多变性;diversity也有“多样化”的意思,但侧重强调的是不同事物的差异和分歧。本题强调的是生活的多变性,故答案为C。34、During