分子生物学第十六章逆转录病毒和逆转座子Retrovirusesandretroposons.ppt
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1、Chapter 16RetrovirusesAndretroposons16.1 Introduction16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition-like events16.3 Retroviral genes codes for polyproteins16.4 Viral DNA is generated by reverse transcription16.5 Viral DNA integrates into the chromosome16.6 Retroviruses may transduce cellular
2、sequences16.7 Yeast Ty elements resemble retroviruses 16.8 Many transposable elements reside in D. melanogaster 16.9 Retroposons fall into two classes 16.10 The Alu family has many widely dispersed membersRetroposon is a transposon that mobilizes via an RNA form; the DNA element is transcribed into
3、RNA, and then reverse-transcribed into DNA, which is inserted at a new site in the genome.16.1 IntroductionFigure 16.1 The reproductive cycles of retroviruses and retroposons involve alternation of reverse transcription from RNA to DNA with transcription from DNA to RNA. Only retroviruses can genera
4、te infectious particles. Retroposons are confined to an intracellular cycle.9.1 IntroductionLTR is an abbreviation for long-terminal repeat.16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition like events Figure 16.2 The retroviral life cycle proceeds by reverse transcribing the RNA genome into dup
5、lex DNA, which is inserted into the host genome, in order to be transcribed into RNA.16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition like eventsFigure 16.3 The genes of the retrovirus are expressed as polyproteins that are processed into individual products.16.2 The retrovirus life cycle invol
6、ves transposition like eventsFigure 16.4 Retroviruses (HIV) bud from the plasma membrane of an infected cell. Photograph kindly provided by Matthew Gonda.16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition like eventsFigure 16.5 Retroviral RNA ends in direct repeats (R), the free linear DNA ends i
7、n LTRs, and the provirus ends in LTRs that are shortened by two bases each.16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition like eventsFigure 16.6 Minus strand DNA is generated by switching templates during reverse transcription.16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition like eventsF
8、igure 16.7 Synthesis of plus strand DNA requires a second jump.16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition like eventsFigure 16.9 Integrase is the only viral protein required for the integration reaction, in which each LTR loses 2 bp and is inserted between 4 bp repeats of target DNA.16.2
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