1、重复翻译法重复翻译法Repeatingl重复在汉语语篇中十分常见，是语篇衔接的一种主要手段。l英语语篇的衔接主要依赖代词、助动词或同义词替换，一般情况下避免重复的出现，这是英语表示衔接的特点；重复原词，不用代词替代原词则是汉语表示衔接的特点。这是说的“用”和“不用”都是相对的，不应该理解成英语不用原词复现和汉语不用代词。l重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过增加的是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译与写作一样，本应精练；但为明确、强调和生动，往往需要将一些关键词加以重复。l1 For the sake of explicitnessl有些词在英语中无需重复，可是译成汉语就必须重复，否则会造成文理不通或逻辑
2、混乱。le.g. Gas, oil and electric furnaces are most commonly used for heat treating metal.l误译：煤气、石油和电炉最常用来热处理金属。l正译：金属热处理最常用的是煤气炉、石油炉和电炉。Repetition of Nounln.+substitutel英语第二次提到讲过的事物时习惯用代替词表示替代，汉语则重复原词。这里的代替词包括物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，同义词，the same, so, do(as), etc.le.g. Jack kicked the ball to Henry and Henry ki
3、cked it back to Jack.l 杰克把球踢给亨利，亨利又（把球）踢回给杰克。le.g. Striking through the thought of his dear ones was a sound he could neither ignore nor understand He wondered what it was, and whether immeasurably distant or nearby it seemed both. l 有一个声音响了起来，刺穿了他对亲人的思念。这声音他既不能充耳不闻，又不能领会他不知这声音是什么，到底来自辽远还是发于附近它似乎亦远亦
4、近。le.g. Our lab is in Building Four and theirs is in the Main Building.l 我们的实验室在四号楼，他们的实验室在主楼。le.g. My room is lighter than the one next door.l 我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。l e.g. If you need any more money, you must get some out of the bank; there is hardly any in the house.l 假如你还需要钱，就得去银行取些出来，家里没多少钱了。le.g. The bes
5、t watches are those made in Switzerland. 最好的表是瑞士表。le.g. Happy families also have their own troubles.l 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。le.g. Respect for the views of others is easy when these views are like ones own.l 当别人的观点和自己的观点一样时，尊重别人的观点是容易的。le.g. Discount houses do not offer the same services that department sto
6、res do.l 折扣商店不提供百货公司提供的那种服务。le.g. “I thought the acting was splendid.” “So did I.”l “我认为表演好极了。”“我也这样认为。”le.g. Hell come if he said so.l 如果他说要来，他就会来。le.g. Thank you for your help, which enabled me to get out of difficulty.l 感谢你的帮助。正是你的帮助才使得我度过难关。le.g. They asked for promises that be cashed in one wee
7、k.l 他们要求得到承诺，而这些承诺要在一周内兑现。ln. (+n.)l英语第二次提到讲过的事物时也可能直接省略，这在口语中尤为常见，汉语有时则需重复该名词。这在增译法中已有述及。l e.g. Doctors will get more practice out of me than out of 100 ordinary patients.l 医生们从我一个人身上得到的临床经验会比从一百个普通病人身上得到的临床经验还多。lv.+v.+n.l英语中两个并列的谓语动词后跟同一个宾语时，往往只保留最后一个宾语，汉语有时习惯重复该名词。le.g. Students must be cultivate
8、d to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.l 必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。ladj.+ n.+adj. / adj.+n.+n.l当两个并列的形容词修饰同一个名词时，英语常把第二个名词省略，汉语则重复该名词；当同一个形容词形容两个或更多的并列的名词时，英语只用一个形容词，汉语则重复形容词。l e.g. Whats the difference between a direct question and an indirect?l 直接疑问句和间接疑问句有什么不同？l e.g. New records and inventi
9、ons are being made continually.l 新记录和新发明不断产生。Repetition of Verbl 英语中一个动词常跟几个宾语或表语，汉译时往往重复这个动词。l e.g. Is he a friend or an enemy?l 他是朋友还是敌人呢？l e.g. They talked about about his family, about his work and about his future.l 他们谈到他的家庭，（谈到）他的工作，还谈到他的前程。Repetition of Pronounle.g. Whoever breaks the law sho
10、uld be punished.l 谁犯法，谁就该受到惩罚。le.g. Whenever you are free, please come and have a talk.l 你什么时候有空，就什么时候过来聊聊。l2 For the sake of emphasisl为了强调，英语中往往重复关键词，以使读者加深印象。汉译时可以采用同样手段。英文中有重复的词，译文也重复同样的词le.g. Gentlemen may cry peace, peace, but there is no peace.l 先生们尽管高喊和平，和平，但是依然没有和平。l*英语中常用someand others/some
11、others结构，汉译时常用谓语连用“的字结构”，有时也可以用 “有的有的”句式。le.g. On Sundays, some review their lessons and others go window-shopping.l 星期天，有的复习功课，有的去逛街。（星期天，复习功课的复习功课，逛街的逛街。）l e.g. In 1974, we graduated from the middle school. Some entered college, others joined the army and I became a teacher in my village.l 1974年，我
12、们高中毕业。有的上大学去了，有的参军了，我则回村做了教师。le.g. “Day by day we are moving closer to Bagdad. Day byday we are moving closer to victory.”l “我们一天天逼近巴格达，我们一天天接近胜利。”le.g. Blood must atone for blood.l 血债要用血来还。le.g. Prominent among the most prominent upon the most prominent bookshelf are the 12-volumn Encyclopaedia Bri
13、tannica.l 在最显眼的书架上最显眼的书籍中最显眼的要数12卷的不列颠百科全书了。英文中有重复的词，译文则使用不同的重复词le.g. She would read and re-read the letter. 她会把那封信一遍又一遍地反复读。le.g. Their business was on the up-and-up. l 他们的生意蒸蒸日上/越做越大/越做越红火。运用叠词运用叠词l运用重叠词是汉语的一种重要修辞手段，如“年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同 ”、“寻寻觅觅，凄凄惨惨戚戚”等。还有一种迭词，如把“清楚”说成“清清楚楚”，“明白”说成“明明白白”等。英译汉时，可运用叠词，
14、特别是四字重叠词组，使译文生动、通顺。l3 For the sake of vividnessl英语原文中即使没有词的重复，翻译时为使译文生动，有时也采用一些重复手段。l e.g. I was completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.l 我的回答是坦坦荡荡，直言不讳的。l e.g. His children were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.l 他的孩子穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。l e.g. With his tardiness, care
15、lessness and appalling good humor, we are sore perplexed. 他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。运用对仗运用对仗l 英语对仗句式前后两部分常有词的重复，译成汉语时应尽可能保持同样词的重复。le.g. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.l 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。le.g. Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。运用四字对偶词组运用四字对偶词组l汉语中有不少四字对偶词组，四个字中前后两对字形成对偶，往往具有相同或相似的意思，所以也是一种重复。Practice1.
16、Bombing foreign embassy is a clear violation of international law in particular of the Geneva Convention.轰炸外国大使馆显然违反了国际法，尤其是违反了日内瓦公约。2. Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。3. Every country has its own customs.各国有各国的风俗。4. Now, radar is a commonly used technique by which people can see the things beyond the visibility.现在，雷达是一种常用的东西，利用雷达可以看到视线之外的东西。l e.g. great contributions 丰功伟绩l gratitude 感恩戴德l ingratitude忘恩负义l eternal glory to永垂不朽l prosperity繁荣昌盛l hesit
